Farida Rahayu, Puji Setiyawan, Sam Alfian, Yusuf Helmi, Dimas Eko Prasetyo, Risa Antari, Muchamad Lutfi, Agustin Krisna Wardani, Atif Khurshid Wani, Nabi Ullah
Glutathione is a tripeptide antioxidant substance that is mostly produced by yeast cells. However, reduced glutathione is synthesized by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It’s classified as a medical substance and health supplement and significanly required for both xenobiotics and drug detoxification. To make glutathione through fermentation, industries frequently utilize strains like Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This is accomplished by incorporating carbon-rich substrates and amino acids. Nevertheless, the extraction of glutathione from yeast biomass (a by-product of bioethanol production), has not been widely adopted. The objective of the study is to use chemical, physical, and biological extraction techniques to extract glutathione from yeast cell biomass. The chemical method involves the use of substances such as NaOH, ethyl acetate, and NaCl. Lysozyme and Zymolase are utilized as cell-pelisizing agents when utilizing the biological technique; the doses are 2.5 mg/L for 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min, respectively. In a similar manner, the physical approach utilizes water and PBS solvents, both having a pH of 7.2, and subjects them to ultrasonication for different durations ranging from 0 to 120 min. The most effective method for extracting glutathione is through biological means. A NaOH solvent should be used at a concentration of 20.78 mg/L for a duration of 120 min. The concentration of glutathione obtained through physical methods is 20.59 mg/L, whereas the highest concentration of 31.08 mg/L is achieved through biological methods after an incubation period of 120 min. The glutathione yield obtained from this biological extraction method is 0.4% in 100 mg of dry yeast. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; PT Energi Agro Nusantara, Jalan Raya Gempolkerep, Kec. Gedeg, Mojokerto, 61351, Indonesia; PT Sinergi Gula Nusantara, Jalan Jembatan Merah, Surabaya, 60175, Indonesia; Animal Husbandry Research Centre, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Ketawanggede, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, Jalandhar, 144411, India; Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, Lodz, 91-403, Poland
