Muhammad Miftahussurur, Ricky Indra Alfaray, Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha, Kartika Afrida Fauzia, Hasan Maulahela, Virly Nanda Muzellina, Luciana Sophie Mariana Rotty, Yoma Sari Namara, Azzaki Abubakar, Syifa Mustika, Neneng Ratnasari, Agus Yudho Santosa, Marselino Richardo, I. Dewa Nyoman Wibawa, I. Ketut Adnyana, Purnawati Hustina Rachman, Brian Eka Rachman, Dalla Doohan, Langgeng Agung Waskito, Yoshio Yamaoka, Ali Khomsan
Background: Dyspepsia is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder and assessing the nutrient correlation is important to improve the patient’s dyspepsia. We analyzed the association of the macronutrients and micronutrients with dyspepsia also its correlation to the severity of dyspepsia. Methods: We analyzed 378 questionnaires from individuals with dyspepsia symptoms in 15 centers across Indonesia, including sites located on the three largest islands (Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi) were collected. This research uses the 24-Hour Recall Questionnaire and Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (S-FFQ) to determine the foods (nutrients) eaten that become a risk factor for dyspepsia. The symptoms of dyspepsia were assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom score (GIS). Results: The result revealed that 90.5 % of respondents (342/378) had dyspeptic symptoms. Dyspepsia was likely associated with the senile age group 50-59 (p=0.022) and GIS score was associated with the region (p=0.001; r=0.173). Macronutrients and micronutrients that correlated with dyspepsia are low consumption of fat (p=0.032) and magnesium (p=0.025). Macro and micronutrients intake were varied in each region and each bivariate analysis showed that almost all micro and macronutrient intakes were significantly different from each dyspepsia symptom. Conclusion: Macronutrients and micronutrients intake were associated with dyspepsia diagnosis and severity, especially consumption of fat and magnesium. The age, culture, and geographical region of the nutrient intake should also be considered in dyspepsia patient management. © 2022 Academia Nacional de Medicina. All rights reserved.
Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute Tropical Disease. Universitas Ailangga, Esat Java, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Institute Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, 879-5593, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya, East Java, Surabaya, 60113, Indonesia; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia; Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Prof. Dr. RD Kandou Province General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, North Sulawesi, Manado, 95163, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Anutapura General Hospital, Central Sulawesi, Palu, 94221, Indonesia; Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, dr. Zainoel Abidin Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 24415, Indonesia; Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Malang, 65112, Indonesia; Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gajah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55284, Indonesia; Balung Region Hospital, East Java, Jember, 68161, Indonesia; Merauke Region Hospital, Papua, Merauke, 99613, Indonesia; Division of Gastroentero-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sanglah General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, 80114, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Technology Bandung, West Java, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, West Java, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia; Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia