Jonny Karunia Fajar, Malik Sallam, Gatot Soegiarto, Yani Jane Sugiri, Muhammad Anshory, Laksmi Wulandari, Stephanie Astrid Puspitasari Kosasih, Muhammad Ilmawan, Kusnaeni Kusnaeni, Muhammad Fikri, Frilianty Putri, Baitul Hamdi, Izza Dinalhaque Pranatasari, Lily Aina, Lailatul Maghfiroh, Fernanda Septi Ikhriandanti, Wa Ode Endiaverni, Krisna Wahyu Nugraha, Ory Wiranudirja, Sally Edinov, Ujang Hamdani, Lathifatul Rosyidah, Hanny Lubaba, Rinto Ariwibowo, Riska Andistyani, Ria Fitriani, Miftahul Hasanah, Fardha Ad Durrun Nafis, Fredo Tamara, Fitri Olga Latamu, Hendrix Indra Kusuma, Ali A. Rabaan, Saad Alhumaid, Abbas Al Mutair, Mohammed Garout, Muhammad A. Halwani, Mubarak Alfaresi, Reyouf Al Azmi, Nada A. Alasiri, Abeer N. Alshukairi, Kuldeep Dhama, Harapan Harapan
Countries worldwide have deployed mass COVID-19 vaccination drives, but there are people who are hesitant to receive the vaccine. Studies assessing the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy are inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy and determine the potential factors associated with such hesitancy. We performed an organized search for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Extraction of the required information was performed for each study. A single-arm meta-analysis was performed to determine the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy; the potential factors related to vaccine hesitancy were analyzed using a Z-test. A total of 56 articles were included in our analysis. We found that the global prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy was 25%. Being a woman, being a 50-year-old or younger, being single, being unemployed, living in a household with five or more individuals, having an educational attainment lower than an undergraduate degree, having a non-healthcare-related job and considering COVID-19 vaccines to be unsafe were associated with a higher risk of vaccination hesitancy. In contrast, living with children at home, maintaining physical distancing norms, having ever tested for COVID-19, and having a history of influenza vaccination in the past few years were associated with a lower risk of hesitancy to COVID-19 vaccination. Our study provides valuable information on COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy, and we recommend special interventions in the sub-populations with increased risk to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. © 2022 by the authors.
Brawijaya Internal Medicine Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan; Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, 11942, Jordan; Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, 22184, Sweden; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Matematics and Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia; School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedicine, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia; Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia; Faculty of Economy and Business, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Economics and Business, Riau University, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia; Faculty of Administrative Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Darussalam, 23111, Indonesia; Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan; Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Mubarrazs, 36342, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing, Princess Norah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11564, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia; Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, 33048, Saudi Arabia; Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Baha, 4781, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa General Hospital, Umm Al Quwain, 499, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, 505055, United Arab Emirates; Infection Prevention and Control, Eastern Health Cluster, Dammam, 32253, Saudi Arabia; Scientific Advisory Council, InsanCare Group for Scientific Studies and Specialized Business Solutions, Riyadh, 13313, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, 12713, Saudi Arabia; Division of Pathology, ICAR–Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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