Mochammad Hannats Hanafi Ichsan, Cecilia Sik-Lanyi, Tibor Guzsvinecz, Aisshah Roesiana Dewi
This study examines the usability, user experience, and cognitive performance of an IntuNav that incorporates a Multi-Browser Virtual Environment (VE), a user-friendly desktop virtual reality (VR) system. The evaluation included three user groups that varied in characteristics: mainstream users, older adults, and students with neurodivergent conditions (Autistic Spectrum Disorders and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Fourteen hypotheses were developed to investigate differences in objective (5Q score, task time, error count, and perplexity) and subjective (SUS, IPQ, and NASA-TLX) metrics using a between-subjects experimental design. Statistical analyses indicated no significant differences in core performance metrics (5Q scores, error count) among groups, implying the system's overall usability. Significant variations in task time and perplexity were observed between older adults and neurodivergent users compared to mainstream users, highlighting the impact of cognitive and generational factors on navigational complexity. Older adults exhibited the highest subjective usability and presence scores, whereas cognitive load levels were elevated among older and neurodiverse users. The results indicate that the IntuNav navigation model and Multi-Browser VE provide inclusive and accessible desktop VR interaction for a diverse user base. This demonstrates the system's practical applicability in contexts necessitating multi-window VR interaction, including education, research, and digital productivity. Design recommendations are presented to enhance inclusivity, minimize cognitive demands, and improve adaptive navigation in future VR systems. An anonymized dataset and complete evaluation scripts are publicly accessible (OSF: 10.17605/OSF.IO/HU478), along with implementation resources (GitHub), which allows for reproducibility. Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Egyetem u. 10, Veszprem, 8200, Hungary; Department of Information Technology and its Applications, Faculty of Information Technology, University of Pannonia, Gasparich M. u. 18/A, Zalaegerszeg, 8900, Hungary; Hungarian Research Network, Piarista u. 4, Budapest, 1052, Hungary; Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran No. 10-11, East Java, Malang, 65113, Indonesia
