Dwi Kristanto, Nabila Tsabitsa Ramadhani, Brigitta Sekar Ayu, Rif Anna, Ovia Mustika Kusumawardhani, Aprilia Rizky Riadini, Tiara Widyaputri, Dodik Prasetyo, Siti Khairunissa, Wike Andre Septian
Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease in cloven-hoofed animals and remains a significant cause of economic loss in the livestock sector. In addition to causing characteristic clinical symptoms, FMD infection triggers a systemic inflammatory response and oxidative stress that can alter various biochemical and cardiac parameters. However, information on the biochemical and antioxidant profiles of local Indonesian cattle, particularly Madura cattle, remains limited. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate changes in acute phase proteins (APPs), cardiac markers, and antioxidant enzyme activity in Madura cattle naturally infected with FMD and to analyze the relationships between these biochemical parameters during the infection and recovery phases. Methods: Ten 2.5 ± 0.5-year-old male Madura cattle clinically diagnosed with FMD had blood samples taken twice during the infection phase (days 3–7) and the recovery phase (days 28–30). The biochemical parameters analyzed included creatine kinase (CK), CK–myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CrP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometry methods. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Spearman's correlation with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between the infection and recovery phases in CK and CK-MB parameters, while LDH, Hp, CrP, GPx, MDA, and SOD showed no significant differences. A strong positive correlation was found between CK and CK-MB in the infection phase (r = 0.85; p < 0.01), indicating simultaneous damage to skeletal muscle and myocardium. In the recovery phase, there was a positive relationship between Hp and GPx (r = 0.80; p < 0.01), indicating recovery of antioxidant function as the inflammatory response decreased. Conclusion: FMD infection in Madura cattle causes physiological changes characterized by increased cardiac biomarkers and APPs and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. The positive relationship between Hp and GPx reflects the link between the inflammatory process and oxidative stress during recovery. The combination of APP parameters and antioxidant enzymes can be used as biochemical indicators to assess the severity and health status of FMD-infected cattle. © 2026, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Puncak Dieng, Malang, Indonesia; Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, Malang, Indonesia
