Happy Kurnia Permatasari, Queen Intan Permatasari, Nurpudji Astuti Taslim, Dionysius Subali, Rudy Kurniawan, Reggie Surya, Faqrizal Ria Qhabibi, Melvin Junior Tanner, Siti Chairiyah Batubara, Nelly Mayulu, William Ben Gunawan, Andi Yasmin Syauki, Netty Salindeho, Moon Nyeo Park, Juan Alessandro Jeremis Maruli Nura Lele, Raymond R. Tjandrawinata, Bonglee Kim, Fahrul Nurkolis
Metabolic dysfunction, which includes intra-abdominal adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, manifests into metabolic syndrome and related diseases. Therefore, the discovery of new therapies in the fight against metabolic syndrome is very challenging. This study aims to reveal the existence of an edible bird nest (EBN) as a functional food candidate that may be a new alternative in fighting metabolic syndrome. The study included three approaches: in silico molecular docking simulation, in vitro, and in vivo in rats fed on cholesterol- and fat-enriched diets. Four terpenoids of Bakuchiol, Curculigosaponin A, Dehydrolindestrenolide, and 1-methyl-3-(1-methyl-ethyl)-benzene in EBN have been identified through LCMS/MS-QTOF. In molecular docking simulations, Bakuchiol and Dehydrolindestrenolide are considered very potent because they have higher inhibitory power on the four receptors (iNOS, ROS1 kinase, FTO, and lipase) than standard drugs. In vitro tests also provide insight into the antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiobesity activities of EBN, which is quite feasible due to the smaller EC50 value of EBN compared to standard drugs. Interestingly, in vivo studies also showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in the lipid profile, blood glucose, enzymatic levels, and inflammatory biomarkers in rats given high-dose dietary supplementation of EBN. More interestingly, high-dose dietary supplementation of EBN upregulates PGC-1α and downregulates HMG-CoA reductase. Comprehensively, it has been revealed that EBN can be novel functional foods for combating metabolic syndrome. © 2023 by the authors.
Department of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, 12930, Indonesia; Diabetes Connection Care, Eka Hospital Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang, 15321, Indonesia; Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia; Medical School Department, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Nutrition Coaching Development, PT. Prima Sehat Makmur Utama, Jakarta, 12430, Indonesia; Food Technology Department, Sahid University of Jakarta, South Jakarta, 12870, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Muhammadiyah Manado University, Manado, 95249, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Fishery Products Technology Study Program, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, 95115, Indonesia; Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea; Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Jakarta, 13630, Indonesia; Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Science, Dexa Medica Group, Cikarang, 17530, Indonesia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia