Devi Rianti, Bunga Fauzia, Taufan Bramantoro, Rini Devijanti Ridwan, Asti Meizarini, Sisca Meida Wati, Wibi Riawan, Ardiyansyah Syahrom, Meircurius Dwi Condro Surboyo
BackgroundTooth extraction commonly leads to alveolar bone loss, which can compromise future prosthetic rehabilitation. Biomaterial-based socket preservation aims to support hard-tissue healing and stabilize the extraction site.ObjectiveTo assess the effect of a chitosan–gelatin scaffold reinforced with carbonate hydroxyapatite (CG-CHA) on bone healing in Wistar rats extraction sockets by evaluating immunohistochemical expression of Bone morpogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Receptor activator of nuclear κB (RANK).Materials and methodsA true-experimental randomized post-test only control group design was used with 24 male Wistar rats. Following maxillary molar extraction, rats were assigned to either a control group (extraction only) or a CG-CHA scaffold group (n = 12 each). Mandibles were collected on days 7, 14, and 21 (n = 4 per time point per group). Immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the expression of BMP-2, RUNX2, and RANK. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests with significance at p < 0.05.ResultsThe CG-CHA group showed greater bone formation and significantly higher BMP-2, RUNX2, and RANK expression at days 7, 14, and 21 compared to controls (p < 0.05).ConclusionPlacement of a CG-CHA scaffold in extraction sockets improved bone healing and increased osteogenic marker expression in rats. These findings indicate that CG-CHA supports favorable socket healing and may be useful for alveolar bone preservation strategies. © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Craniofacial Research Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Departement of Dental Material, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia; Magister Dental Science Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia; Departement of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Departement of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia; Departement of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia; Departement of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDITEC), Institute of Human Centered qnd Engineering (iHumEn), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor, Skudai, 81310, Malaysia; Departement of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
