Mashudi, Kusmartono, Poespitasari Hazanah Ndaru, Aprilia Dwi Kartika, Muhammad Johan Futohar
Generally, the feed given to Madura cattle by small-holder farmers in Madura Island consists only of local forages and low-quality agricultural waste. Concentrate supplementation is paramount for improving nutrients intake and growth performance at secure level as high-concentrate rations can cause metabolic disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing concentrate into native grass at different levels on In vitro fermentation characteristics. The treatments applied were: TO (Control): 100% Native grass; T1: Native grass 60% + concentrate 40%; T2: Native grass 50% + concentrate 50%; T3: Native grass 40% + concentrate 60%. A randomized block design was used to test four treatment diets that were formulated to represent different ratios of field grass to concentrate. The variables measured were In vitro gas production, ammonia concentration, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS), dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility. Statistical analyses showed that the treatments significantly affected (p<0.01) gas production, ammonia concentration, EMPS, DM and OM digestibility. The increased level of concentrate in the diet in line with an increase in gas production, ammonia concentration, EMPS, DM and OM digestibility values. Microbial protein synthesis efficiency value was highest for the 40% field grass and 60% concentrate diet (T3) treatment (47.53 g N/kg FOM), but was not different to T2 (50% native grass + 50% concentrate). It can be concluded that the concentrate supplementation at 50% is more recommended for use by farmers to fattening Madura cattle as an implementation of the in vivo results. Copyright: 2026 by the authors. Licensee ResearchersLinks Ltd, England, UK. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Animal Nutrition Department, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Animal Science Program, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
