Agata Iwan Candra, As`ad Munawir, Yulvi Zaika, Eko Andi Suryo
Predicting pile skin resistance in sandy soils is challenging due to the complex behavior at the pile–soil interface. This study presents a closed-form analytical model that incorporates the cranial asperity ratio (L/H) into classical formulations and validates it through laboratory tests. Steel piles with a 10 mm diameter and L/H ratios of 20, 26.67, and 33.33 were tested in uniform Brantas sand and compared with a smooth pile. Cranial asperities increased skin resistance by 601.37%, 469.45%, and 367.06%, with L/H 20 identified as the most effective configuration. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among pile types (p < 0.05), while model–experiment comparisons revealed no significant discrepancy (p > 0.05). The findings indicate that interlocking and dilation induced by cranial asperities govern the mobilization of skin friction. The proposed model offers a validated basis for incorporating bio-inspired asperities into foundation design to enhance efficiency and promote sustainable construction. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Department of Civil Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
