Danung Nur Adli, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Tri Ujilestari, Agung Irawan, Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi, Fatim Illaningtyas, Dimar Sari Wahyuni, Novia Qomariyah, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi, Rantan Krisnan, Riris Delima Purba, Procula Rudlof Matitaputty, Mochamad Dzaky Alifian, Mohammad Miftakhus Sholikin
The feed energy derived from fat remains relatively low because young poultry have limited fat digestibility and inefficient lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emulsifiers in regulating lipid metabolism and increasing lipase activity in poultry. A quantitative review of 57 studies (2015–2025) revealed that emulsifier supplementation significantly upregulated genes associated with lipogenesis, including diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), and increased lipolysis through the upregulation of perilipin 1 (PLN1). It also increased the activities of lipoprotein lipase and total lipase. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) mapping also suggested that fatty acid biosynthesis (gga00061), β-oxidation (gga00071), the PPAR signalling pathway (gga03320), cholesterol metabolism (hsa04979), and the regulation of lipolysis (gga04923) in adipocyte regulation pathways were synergistically activated. Taken together, these pathways suggest that emulsifiers improve lipid turnover, oxidative metabolism and lipoprotein formation in broiler chickens. In summary, emulsifiers modulate lipid metabolism at the molecular level, which offers mechanistic support for improving energy utilization and may also aid in developing precision nutrition strategies in poultry. © 2026
Smart Livestock Industry Study Programme, Department of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, 16915, Indonesia; Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kota Bharu, 16100, Malaysia; Research Center for Sustainable Production Systems and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia
