Ahmad Romdon, Agung Yunanto, Tri Handayani, Frida Sidik, Ernawati Widyastuti, Faisal Hamzah, Jemi Ferizal, Wahyu Adi, Chao Fang, Jianguo Du, Annisa Fitri, Jordi Anugrah Lumban Raja, Juanda Nikola Pratama, Sugandi, Muhammad Thoriq Adha
Marine and coastal ecosystems are highly interconnected, supporting vital ecological functions and fisheries services. Habitat loss and degradation threaten these services, especially in tropical areas. This study examined physicochemical variation, habitat structure, and nekton communities across three islands (Panjang, Semujur, and Ketawai) in Bangka, Indonesia, where a long-term exposure to tin mining activities exists. Hydrographic mapping revealed contrasting environmental regimes: nutrient-rich, turbid waters at Panjang; oligotrophic, well-flushed conditions at Semujur; and transitional features at Ketawai. Habitat surveys identified seven seagrass and four mangrove species, with notable differences among islands (PERMANOVA, p = 0.002). Nekton sampling found 34 species, with community composition differing significantly (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001). Indicator species analysis identified spatially structured taxa, including Acreichthys tomentosus, Lethrinus obsoletus, and Atherinomorus lacunosus. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated nekton communities were linked to habitat structure and abiotic factors (F = 1.82, p = 0.029), with Thalassia hemprichii, salinity, and Halodule pinifolia as key drivers. Nutrient enrichment near Panjang may result from sediment resuspension and mining-related runoff, though these mechanisms were not directly measured. Overall, findings suggest that nekton communities are shaped by habitat co-occurrence and physicochemical variability, underscoring the importance of maintaining habitat integrity and informing future conservation efforts amid human impacts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2026.
Research Center for Biota Systems, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Research Center for Oceanology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia; Research Center for Ecology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia; Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, Bangka Belitung University, Bangka, 33172, Indonesia; Ministry of Natural Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
