Resti Marlina, Ria Yolanda Arundina, Ester Ria Togatorop, Sefrico Agung Saifulloh, Ismadi, Deni Purnomo, Ismail Budiman, Yudi Darma, Subyakto
Biomass-derived carbon has become a fascinating topic along with renewable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly carbon source issues. In this study, chemical analysis was carried out on activated carbon from oil palm waste, such as oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and oil palm shells (OPS), using hydrothermal and pyrolysis techniques. Hydro-char as a precursor is produced from hydrothermal carbonization by using oil palm empty fruit bunches and oil palm shells. The sample from raw material to activated carbon was analyzed using (Fourier Transform Infrared) FTIR and Raman spectroscopies to observe the chemical mechanism for converting biomass to activated carbon. Proximate analysis was conducted to see the quality of our activated carbon samples. Moreover, the FTIR spectra have successfully observed functional groups in lignocellulosic materials like cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. In addition, D band and G band as fingerprint of carbon materials has been clearly observed from the Raman spectra. The quality of the carbon material has been calculated by determining the value of ID/IG ratio. The calculation of ID/IG gives a value of 0.93, indicating that our carbon material has a good degree of carbonization. In the end, the results of the proximate test showed that the activated carbon produced appropriately with the SNI 63–3730 standard regarding technical activated carbon. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.
Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency, West Java, Cibinong, Indonesia; Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia
