Irfan Alias Kendek, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, Freshinta Jellia Wibisono, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Nurhusien Yimer Degu, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Ricadonna Raissa, Saifur Rehman
Background: Escherichia coli bacteria are a normal flora in the digestive tract of animals and humans. However, some E. coli isolates are pathogenic, causing disease in humans and animals. Escherichia coli is one of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria responsible for increasing antibiotic resistance. ESBL is a β-lactamase enzyme that can hydrolyze penicillin, first-, second-, and third-generation cephalosporins, and aztreonam. Aim: This study aimed to identify ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria in duck cloacal swab samples taken from seven live poultry markets in Surabaya. Methods: A total of 158 duck cloacal swab samples were obtained, isolated, and identified with 85% (134/158) positive for E. coli bacteria using Mac Conkey Agar media, Gram staining, and then continued with biochemical tests as follows: Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Methyl red, Sulfide Indole Motility, Simmons Citrate Agar, and Voges–Proskauer. Results: ESBL detection using a double-disc synergy test (DDST) showed that 60% (12/20) of patients were positive for ESBL. Confirmation of the polymerase chain reaction test confirmed that 58.3% (7/12) of samples were positive for the blaTEM gene, with different percentages of positivity in each market. Conclusion: This study provides an important contribution to understanding E. coli as one of the ESBL-producing bacteria in live poultry markets, as well as the importance of monitoring and controlling the incidence of antibiotic resistance in food safety of animal origin. © 2025, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.
Master Program in Veterinary Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria; Study Program of Pharmacy Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Medicine, IMU University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
