Reza Audina Putri, Inadatus Safitri, Khoiriah, Muhammad Ihsan Sofyan, Deliza, Safni Safni
TiO2 nanoparticle (TiO2-NPs) was successfully synthesized through the green-synthesis approach, which was a sol-gel mediated by santang orange (Citrus sp.) peel extract. The use of Citrus sp. peel extract as media is a promising method in synthesizing TiO2-NPs due to low-cost processes, environmentally friendly, and effective as a bio-mediator in chemical reaction. The synthesized TiO2-NPs were characterized by XRD, DRS UV-Vis, FESEM, HRTEM, PSA, and zeta potential. The diffractogram confirmed that anatase phase was formed with nanocrystalline size. The calculated band-gap energy of TiO2-NPs in the Kubelca-Munk equation was 3.3 eV. The FESEM image showed spherical particle of TiO2 with sizes ranging about 6 to 17 nm and the agglomeration size about 50–90 nm. HRTEM and SAED analysis confirmed the formation of anatase phase linear to XRD pattern from synthesized TiO2-NPs. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2-NPs was examined for methyl orange (MO) as artificial wastewater. About 92% of MO dye solutions were degraded within 240 min, following the pseudo-first order kinetic reaction. The photocatalytic mechanism was studied by analyzing the scavengers of reactive oxygen species effect in photocatalytic degradation of MO. The results revealed that hydroxyl radical (OH) was the key in the photocatalytic process using TiO2-NPs. © 2025, University of Mohammed Premier Oujda Morocco.
Research Centre for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 452 KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Laboratory of Applied Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Andalas University, Jl. Limau Manis, West Sumatera, Padang, Indonesia
