Wurlina Wurlina, Dewa Ketut Meles, Imam Mustofa, Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Dewa Made Sucipta Putra, Niluh Suwasanti, Adeyinka Oye Akintunde, Suzanita Utama, Sri Mulyati, Wasito Wasito, Ricadonna Raissa, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Julaeha Julaeha, Fitrine Ekawasti
Background: Breast cancer affects women of various ages, and its recurrence is a significant cause of death. The search for potent anticancer compounds of herbal origin with well-defined mechanisms of action is an essential focus of current research. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of alkaloids in Achyranthes aspera Linn (AAL) leaf extract on necrosis, apoptosis, and related molecular markers, namely, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, Bcl-2 associated X-protein (Bax), rat sarcoma virus (Ras), cytochrome (Cyt) c, and apoptotic activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), in mice models. Methods: Thirty mice with breast cancer were randomly divided into five groups. The negative control group only received distilled water daily. Mice in the positive control group (PCG) were administered methotrexate (15 mg/ Kg) daily. The T1, T2, and T3 groups received oral orally at 75, 100, and 125 mg/Kg body weight daily for 30 days, respectively. On day 31, all mice were euthanized for the preparation of histological specimens of the mammary glands. The negative control group had the lowest number of apoptotic cells, Apaf-1, Cyt C, and Bax expression, and the highest number of viable cancer cells and Ras expression. Results: The percentages of necrotic cells and breast cancer-expressed CDK-1 were not significantly (p > 0.05) different among groups. The percentage of apoptotic cells, Apaf-1, and Cyt c, was highest in T3. Conversely, the percentage of viable cells and breast cancer-expressing Ras was lowest in T3. Conclusion: Treatment with 125 mg/Kg AAL suppressed cancer cell growth in breast cancer-bearing mice. Further research is necessary to determine the complete signaling mechanism. © 2025, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli. All rights reserved.
Division of Veterinary Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Division of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia; Dr. R. Soedjono Selong Hospital, East Lombok, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Research Center for Preclinical and Clinical Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
