Ceva Wicaksono, Evy Yunihastuti, Sally Aman Nasution, Lugyanti Sukrisman, Eka Ginanjar, Rudy Hidayat, Adityo Susilo, Muhadi Muhadi, Hayatun Nufus, Siprianus Ugroseno Yudho Bintoro, Hermawan Susanto, Asri Ludin Tambunan, Darmadi Darmadi, Hery Djagat Purnomo, Andi Makbul Aman, Mohammad Robikhul Ikhsan, Anggoro Budi Hartopo, Indra Wijaya, Ervita Ritonga, Ahmad Mekah, Selfie Selfie, Wira Gotera, Gede Wira Mahadita, Zen Ahmad, Radiyati Umi Partan, Brilliant V.F.S. Rhomado, Wachid Putranto, Nur Samsu, Muhammad Diah, Azzaki Abubakar, Johana Prihatini, Reinaldo Alexander, Juwanto Wakimin, Dani Rosdiana, Harnavi Harun, Akmal Mufriady Hanif, Linda Wilhelma Ancella Rotty, Cecilia Hendratta, Kuntjoro Yakti, Astried Indrasari, Erwin Erwin, Erwanto Budi Winulyo, Lukman Pura, Abimanyu Abimanyu, Djallalluddin Djallalluddin, Sutiadi Kusuma, Giri Satriya, Suharno Hakim, Andi M.H. Panjaitan, Elfiani Elfiani, Budiman Gunawan, Joko Anggoro, Arif Koswandi, Kurniakin W.S. Girsang, Andreas N.F. Lewai, Erwin A. Pangkahila, Kongko H. Nursetiyanto, Annisa Puspitasari Nachrowi, Dayang Nurbayati, Arfan Sanusi, Fahmi R. Darkuthni, Petrus Irianto, Komariatun Komariatun, Annelin Kurniati, Haeril Aswar, Nelyan H. Mokoginta, Leily D. Pawa, Edwin Ambar, Feliks Duwit, Riswan Riswan
Introduction Pneumococcal vaccine is an effective preventive measure to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease. This vaccine is beneficial for high-risk populations, including elderly healthcare workers and those with comorbidities. However, various studies have demonstrated low vaccination coverage globally. Therefore, we aimed to assess pneumococcal vaccination coverage among at-risk internists and identify its influencing factors. Methods This cross-sectional study is part of the CARMEINA study conducted by the Indonesian Society of Internal Medicine (INASIM) from December 2023 to March 2024. Data was collected from internists at risk of pneumococcal disease recommended for pneumococcal vaccination according to the 2023 Adult Vaccination Recommendation from INASIM. At-risk internist was defined as someone who met the following conditions: (1) over 50 years old; (2) treating immunocompromised patients including patients with malignancy, sickle-cell disease, chronic kidney disease, HIV, primary/secondary immunodeficiency, nephrotic syndrome, patients on long-term immunosuppressants, and transplant recipients; and (3) treating patients with increased risks of pneumococcal disease due to a medical condition. Descriptive analyses and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the medical and demographic profile of pneumococcal vaccination. Results A total of 545 at-risk internists were included in this study. We found that the pneumococcal vaccination coverage among at-risk internists in Indonesia was 11.6% ( n = 63/545). Factors associated with pneumococcal vaccination were: a history of influenza vaccination in the past year (aOR 6.80, 95% CI 3.83–12.08), immunocompromised conditions (aOR 2.95, 95% CI 1.27–6.84), an age of >60 years (aOR 1.99, 95% CI 1.02–3.90), and chronic conditions (aOR 1.88, 95% CI 1.08–3.52). Conclusion Pneumococcal vaccination coverage among at-risk internists in Indonesia is relatively low despite the global burden of pneumococcal disease and adult vaccine recommendations from INASIM. Further targeted interventions are needed in order to improve vaccination coverage, especially among at-risk internists. Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Persahabatan Central General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro, Dr Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia; Universitas Hasanuddin Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; Sari Asih Sangiang Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia; Balaraja General Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Udayana, Prof. dr. I Goesti Ngoerah Gde Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret, Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia; School of Medicine Universitas Syiah Kuala, Dr. Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Primaya Hospital, Bekasi, Indonesia; Siloam Hospitals Bekasi Sepanjang Jaya, Bekasi, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Riau, Arifin Achmad General Hospital, Pekanbaru, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Andalas, Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia; Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional General Hospital, Samarinda, Indonesia; Indonesia Red Cross General Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia; Hermina Hospital, Bogor, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Lampung University, Abdul Moelok Hospital, Lampung, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia; Gunung Jati Regional General Hospital, Cirebon, Indonesia; Juanda Hospital, Kuningan, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia; Emanuel Hospital, Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Jambi, Raden Mattaher Hospital, Jambi, Indonesia; Kharitas Bhakti Hospital, Pontianak, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine University of Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara Regional General Hospital, Mataram, Indonesia; Awal Bros Hospital Batam, Batam, Indonesia; Engku Haji Daud Hospital, Bintan, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Nusa Cendana, Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes Hospital, Kupang, Indonesia; Karitas Weetabula Hospital, West Sumba, Indonesia; Mayapada Hospital Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta, Indonesia; dr. Doris Sylvanus Hospital, Palangkaraya, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Alkhairaat University, Palu, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia; Jayapura Regional General Hospital, Jayapura, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Bangka Belitung, Indonesia; Harapan dan Doa Regional Hospital, Bengkulu, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia; Aloei Saboe Hospital, Gorontalo, Indonesia; Piru Regional General Hospital, West Seram, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Negeri Khairun, Chasan Boesoirie General Hospital, Ternate, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Papua, Manokwari, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine Universitas Papua, John Piet Wanane Regional Public Hospital, Sorong, Indonesia
