Najla Maritza, Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti, Leny Yuliatun
The gonggong snail shell contains high calcium, reaching 67.70%, which potential to be used as a source of natural hydroxyapatite (Hap). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature and precipitation synthesis time on the characteristics of HAp produced from the gonggong snail shell for bone substitute biomaterials. The results showed that precipitation at 900 °C for 4 h is the best solution for synthesizing HAp with a Ca/P ratio of 2.76, closely approximating the stoichiometric value of HAp. SEM results revealed that the synthesized HAp exhibited a spherical morphology with a tendency to form granular aggregates. FTIR confirmed the presence of characteristic PO4 3− and OH− groups. XRD analysis indicated that primary phase of the synthesized material was HAp, consistent with JCPDS data. The optimal immersion time and temperature for fabricating at 900 °C for 4 h in HAp:alginate ratio (w/w) of 2.5:7.5 (HAPT2C) based on their mechanical properties. However, HAp:alginate ratio (w/w) of 5:5 (HAPT2A) demonstrated higher water absorption compared to HAPT2C in the water uptake test. HAp from gonggong snail shell are promising biomaterial candidates for bone substitution applications, warranting further investigation through in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility studies. © 2026, Gadjah Mada University. All rights reserved.
Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agriculture Technology, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Research Center of Biomass and Bioproduct, National Research and Innovation Agency, Soekarno Science and Technology Area (KST), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Bogor, Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
