Endratno Budi Santosa, Mustika Anggraeni
Indigenous peoples face significant livelihood challenges, including their role in managing the land and natural resources around them. Their living environment, mainly in protected areas, increases the complexity of the problem, as there are external aspects, actors and governance systems that inevitably affect them. On the other hand, internal dynamics, including system and social cohesion, are beginning to diminish the role of customary institutions and question their 'effectiveness' in managing land and natural resources. This issue will be addressed through a semi-ethnographic approach, supported by semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and people familiar with the issue. Taking the case of an enclave village in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTS NP), Ranupani, this research combines qualitative library and field research. In addition to interviews, a participatory observation approach was employed to investigate the issue further. Through data and analysis, this research found that internal and external factors simultaneously influence the position and function of adat institutions and customary rules in the village. In general, formal government systems and policies hegemonise the power of customary institutions in these matters, partly due to different perspectives on management visions. On the other hand, community interactions and external influences have led to dynamic changes in the community's own perspective on the issue. As a result, new issues arise related to positional uncertainty: who has the right and what rules are employed in the land and natural resource management system. Hybrid systems are easy to talk about but very difficult to implement. Indeed, we must first resolve issues related to the dynamics of indigenous peoples in order to avoid the recurrence of existing problems. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Urban and Regional Planning, Malang National Institute of Technology, Indonesia; Human Geography Planning and International Development Studies, Amsterdam University, Netherlands; Urban and Regional Planning, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
