Anggia Azizah, Irfan Mustafa, Zulfaidah Penata Gama, Amin Setyo Leksono
Helopeltis spp. is one of the most detrimental pests to cocoa. One of the methods to reduce the population of this pest is by conserving the diversity and abundance of natural enemies especially predators. Refugia technique becomes a potential way to enrich the diversity and abundance of predators. This review discusses the variety of predatory insects from Helopeltis spp. and various plants that have the potential as refugia to attrack the predators based on some previous articles. Some species from the Formicidae family like black ants (Delichoderus thoracicus), red ants (Oecphylla smaragdina), also some spiders from Araneidae such as Araneus diadematus, Leucauge decorate, Pardosa sp. are commonly mentioned as domination. Some plants are visited by those predatory insects such as Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camara, Synedrella rhombifolia, and Lindernia crustacea. Further research on the potential of the plants in this review need to be conducted in cocoa plantation scale. © 2025 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
