Macdalyna Esther Ronie, Asep Awaludin Prihanto, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Mohd Sani Sarjadi, Ruzaidi Azli Mohd Mokhtar, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Mohd Sabrie Salim, Mohd Khairi Zainol, Hasmadi Mamat
With the continuous growth of the global population and the increasing demand for staple foods, rice production is expected to expand, resulting in more extensive rice processing activities and, consequently, greater generation of by-products such as rice bran (RB). Rice bran oil (RBO), extracted from RB, is highly valued for its favourable fatty acid profile and diverse bioactive compounds, positioning it among the healthiest edible oils. The composition of RBO, particularly its fatty acid profile, is influenced by several factors, including rice variety, geographical origin, climate conditions, and processing methods. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), particularly using carbon dioxide (CO2), has emerged as a green and efficient approach for RBO extraction. This technique offers notable advantages over conventional methods by preserving heat-sensitive bioactive compounds, improving oil quality, and minimising environmental impact. Several parameters are critical in determining the efficiency of SFE, with reported ranges in the literature including temperature (40 – 80 °C), pressure (25 – 50 MPa), CO2 flow rate (0.01 – 1.0 L/min), co-solvent concentration (0.4 – 30 %), particle size (14–1670 µm), and extraction time (30 – 120 min). Pre-treatment techniques, such as drying, germination and enzymatic treatment, can facilitate oil release from the bran matrix and enhance the recovery of nutritionally valuable compounds. The potential of SFE to support sustainable RBO production underscores this review, which focuses on the compositional, technological, and strategic aspects of RBO extraction, with particular emphasis on its role in advancing zero-waste initiatives. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia; Department Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia; Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, 88400, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering Technology and Science, Higher College of Technology (HCT), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Agriculture Research Centre Tuaran (ARC), Peti Surat No. 3, Sabah, Tuaran, 89207, Malaysia; Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, 21030, Malaysia
