Maria Dewi Astuti, Dewi Umaningrum, Rizki Fitria, Sri Suhartini, Riezki Amalia, Andi Masyitha Irwan, Mardi Santoso, Sri Fatmawati
Sonneratia (Lythraceae), a mangrove plant genus, is a source of metabolites and has been used in traditional medicine. This study investigated the phytochemical content, antioxidant, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of different plant parts of Sonneratia x urama extracts and profiled metabolites in the most active extract. The result showed that the fruit, root, and stem bark of S. x urama extract contained high phenolics. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (460.77±1.71 mgGAE/g dry extract) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) (16.18±0.08 mgQE/g dry extract) were recorded in stem bark extract compared to other extracts. This extract also showed the highest antioxidant capacity based on DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS methods with 4838.31±7.77, 2586.95±3.23, and 1953.83±11.35 µmolTE/g dry extract, respectively. α-glucosidase inhibitory assay showed that the stembark of S. x urama has the highest activity with IC50 64.07±7.23 µg/mL. Furthermore, LC-MS/MS was used to profile the metabolites of the stem bark extract. Stem bark extract contained several putative compounds such as 3,4’-di-O-methyl ellagic acid, ellagic acid, hallactone B, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, 3,4-dihydroxy mandelic acid, chelirubine, gallic acid, etc. These findings suggested that the stem bark, fruit, and root of S. x urama can be a potential source of antioxidant and antidiabetes agents. © 2025, Iranian Chemical Science and Technologies Association. All rights reserved.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Jalan A. Yani km.36, South Kalimantan, Banjarbaru, 70714, Indonesia; Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Centre of Excellence in Bioenergy and Biorefinery, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM. 21, Jatinangor, West Java, 45-363, Indonesia; Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Gerontological Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10, South Sulawesi, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia; Laboratory of Natural Products and Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Jalan Arif Rahman Hakim, Sukolilo, East Java, 60115, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Taman Sains Teknologi Herbal dan Hortikultura (TSTH2), 7JP9+GQ7, Aek Nauli, Kec. Pollung Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
