Muhammad Faisal, Unggul Pundjung Juswono, Didik Rahadi Santoso, Chomsin Sulistya Widodo
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a decrease in hemoglobin levels. The relationship between the 2 is inversely proportional. When blood sugar levels increase, it triggers glycation, enhancing xanthine oxidase activity and free radical formation. This phenomenon causes reactive oxygen species (ROS) to emerge and reduces oxygen in the blood, decreasing hemoglobin levels. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana) in preventing the formation of free radicals and reducing hemoglobin levels in the blood due to diabetes mellitus. This study was conducted using 195 experimental mice (Mus musculus). Diabetes mellitus was induced in the mice by injecting streptozotocin (dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.5) for 7 days. The dose of streptozotocin administered to create a pre-diabetes group was 10 mg/kg BW (PN and PO) and 30 mg/kg BW to create a diabetes group (DN and DO). The injection route used for streptozotocin was the intraperitoneal (IP) method. Mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana) was administered orally at doses of 0.86, 1.86, 2.86, 3.86 and 4.86 mg/mL. The mangosteen peel extract treatment was carried out for 14 days. Measurements in the mice included tests for hemoglobin levels, types of free radicals, relative levels of free radicals, and histopathological observations using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The free radicals were superoxide anion (*O−2) and hydroxyl radical (OH*). The results showed that mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana) effectively prevented the decrease in hemoglobin levels and broke the chain of free radical formation. Hemoglobin levels in the diabetes group increased by 61.5 %, while the pre-diabetes group increased by 24 %, approaching the hemoglobin level of the control group at 19 ± 1.2 g/dL. The most effective dose of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana) was 2.86 mg/mL. Mangosteen peel contains xanthone, which can counteract free radicals through single electron transfer (SET) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). © 2025, Walailak University. All rights reserved.
Department of Physic, Brawijaya University, Jawa Timur, 65145, Indonesia
