Eko Y. Sulkhani, Sunardi, Daduk Setyohadi, R. Sapto Pamungkas, Muh Arif Rahman, Muamar Kadhafi
The safety and welfare of crew members aboard fishing vessels are critical concerns addressed by the Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) 2006. Focusing on three purse-seine vessels based at Nizam Zachman Ocean Fishing Port (PPSNZJ) in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, this study evaluates their compliance with MLC 2006 standards for seaworthiness, crew welfare, and occupational safety. Using a mixed-method approach, including structured observational assessments, stakeholder interviews, and document reviews, the study examined 13 key MLC compliance parameters across three purse seine vessels. Findings revealed strong compliance in areas such as minimum age requirements, recruitment practices, and seafarer employment agreements. However, significant noncompliance was identified in leave entitlements, crew accommodation standards, and occupational safety protocols. Inadequate living conditions, insufficient safety training, and the absence of formal leave policies were found to compromise crew welfare and operational safety. Economic pressures, limited regulatory oversight, and infrastructural constraints were identified as major barriers to full MLC compliance. The study highlights the need for strengthened regulatory frameworks, targeted financial incentives, and enhanced safety training to improve labor conditions aboard fishing vessels. These improvements are essential not only for safeguarding crew welfare but also for promoting sustainable fishing practices. This research contributes to the global understanding of maritime labor standards in developing nations and underscores the importance of comprehensive policy interventions to achieve full compliance with MLC 2006. ©2025 The authors.
Department of Marine and Fisheries Resources Utilization, Fisheries and Marine Science Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 60145, Indonesia; Fisheries Capture Center, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Semarang, 50175, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, South Korea
