Stella Jovita, Didik Prasetyoko, Riki Subagyo, Ingelia Yuan Fernanda, Khawiyatur Riv'ah, Eko Santoso, Nurul Asikin-Mijan, G. AbdulKareem-Alsultan, Hasliza Bahruji, Holilah Holilah, Yoyok Setyo Hadiwidodo, Hartati Hartati, Nabilla Damayanti, Meenakshisundaram Sankar, Dina Wahyu Indriani
The effect of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a biotemplate was investigated on the textural properties and morphology of mesoporous aluminosilicate. A series of aluminosilicates was synthesized through a sol–gel hydrothermal method using P123 and MCC as dual templates, with the MCC fraction varying from 0 to 100%. The resulting aluminosilicates exhibited variation in morphology and mesostructural order, consequently affecting the distribution and dispersion of NiO. Low-angle XRD confirmed that the incorporation of MCC increased mesostructural ordering, reaching its optimum at the 50% MCC ratio. TEM analysis revealed that aluminosilicate produced using 50% MCC formed highly ordered hexagonal mesopores and increased Smeso/Smicro and Vmeso/Vmicro ratios. The catalytic deoxygenation of Calophyllum inophyllum oil demonstrated that Ni/AlMS (50% MCC) produced a 63.02% liquid yield with 94.78% hydrocarbon selectivity, attributed to the balanced meso-structure and well-dispersed Ni nanoparticles. The Ni/AlMS (50% MCC) retained considerable catalytic activity over five consecutive reaction cycles, with deactivation primarily associated with carbonaceous deposition. Overall, these findings clearly demonstrate that MCC is capable of modifying the structure of the support material, effectively allowing for the incorporation of Ni into high-performance biofuel catalysts. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia; Centre for Advanced Material and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jl. Tungku Link, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Cibinong, 169111, Indonesia; Department of Ocean Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C UNAIR, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia; Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Translational Research Hub, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom; Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
