Tianyi Gao, Chin Wei Lai, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin, Femiana Gapsari, Yue Li, Irfan Anjum Badruddin
The dominance of non-renewable energy sources in global consumption exacerbates environmental challenges, driving the development of renewable energy and energy storage systems. The emergence of supercapacitors as pivotal energy storage devices is attributed to their prolonged cycle life and high-power density. Among the various materials under investigation, MXenes have garnered considerable attention due to their expeditious electron transfer, exceptional redox activity, and unique layered structure. MXenes are synthesized by etching MAX phase precursors, and their morphology and electrochemical performance are strongly influenced by the etching method. This review endeavors to summarize the structure, synthesis, and properties of MXenes. It also examines how factors such as morphology, size, electrode design, and electrolyte composition affect their supercapacitor performance. Additionally, it highlights recent advances in MXene-based composites for energy storage. Finally, it outlines current research challenges and future directions, proposing potential solutions for next-generation energy storage applications. © The Author(s) 2025.
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Institute of Art and Design, Huaihua University, Huaihua, 418000, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand; Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
