Retna Apsari, Syahidatun Na'imah, Andi Hamim Zaidan, Samian, Masruroh, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Norhana Arsad, Liaqat Ali, Tarek Mohamed
This study investigates the use of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on the Kretschmann configuration, featuring a gold coating and a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensing layer, for detecting low concentrations of aflatoxin B1. A BK-7 prism, coated with a 50 nm thick gold layer, was employed to induce resonance between incident light and the free electrons in the gold. The addition of a reduced graphene oxide layer on top of the gold further enhanced the sensor's sensitivity. This enhancement is attributed to the reduction of oxygen groups in the rGO, creating vacancy defects that trap the analyte molecules, particularly aflatoxin B1. Experimental results showed a resonance angle shift corresponding to changes in refractive index, yielding a sensitivity of 700.39°/RIU, a linearity value of 0.9005, and a resolution of 0.6228 ppm. These findings suggest that the Au/rGO-coated SPR sensor holds great promise for detecting mycotoxins such as aflatoxin B1, making it suitable for industrial applications. © 2025 The Author(s)
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Department of Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Centre for Advanced Photonics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; School of Sciences, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China; Laser Institute for Research and Application LIRA, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
