Nur Alfi Maghfirotus Sa'adah, Esha Ardiansyah, Dawama Nur Fadlilah, Rahmi Izati, Belinda Nabiila Al Faizah, Septhyanti Aprilia Kavitarna, Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah, Siti Nur Arifah, Hideo Tsuboi, Yoga Dwi Jatmiko, Muhaimin Rifa'i
Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome due to low-grade chronic inflammation. The inflammation caused an imbalance of blood cell production in the hematopoietic system. The study aimed to investigate the effects of green tea yogurt supplemented with probiotic microcapsules (GTYP) on the immune profile of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. The microencapsulation procedure was performed using double-coated alginate-chitosan. Mice were treated with a normal diet (ND) and high-fat fructose diet (HFFD) for 12 weeks, then divided into seven groups, namely, ND: normal diet; HFFD: high-fat fructose diet; HFFD + simv: HFFD + simvastatin 1.3 mg/kg BW; HFFD + PY: HFFD + plain yogurt 5 g/kg BW; HFFD + GTYP1: HFFD + GTYP 2.5 g/kg BW; HFFD + GTYP2: HFFD + GTYP 5 g/kg BW; and HFFD + GTYP3: HFFD + GTYP 10 g/kg BW. The hematopoietic cells were isolated through a flushing-out procedure, and cells were stained with specific antibodies. The expression of hematopoietic cells such as tissue erythroid reagent (TER)119+, clusters of differentiation (CD)34+, TER119+CD55+, TER119+, Very Late Antigen (VLA)-4+, and Gr-1+ were measured using flow cytometry and statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. The results show that the HFFD group reduces the expression of TER119+CD34+ (0.015 %) and TER119+VLA-4+ (0.18 %) but increases the expression of granulocytes (Gr)-1+ (57.83 %). GTYP treatment significantly increased the levels of red blood cell progenitor and protein regulator, while the level of Gr-1+ decreased after treatment (p < 0.05). The combination of green tea, which is high in polyphenol content, and probiotic L. paracasei E1 microcapsules in the yogurt acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and improves the homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. © 2025 The Authors
Master Program of Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Undergraduate Program of Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Doctoral Program of Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Biosystem Study Center, Brawijaya University, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Immunology, of Medicine, Nagoya University, Showaku, Nagoya, Japan
