Anggita Rosiana Putri, Widiastuti Setyaningsih, Miguel Palma, Ceferino Carrera Fernandez, Abdul Rohman, Sugeng Riyanto, Young Pyo Jang
The oil extracted from Pangasius micronemus, commonly known as patin fish, is highly regarded for its omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids content, which offer numerous health benefits. Producing high-quality patin fish oil (PFO) rich in these essential fatty acids requires an optimized extraction process. This study utilized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) combined with response surface methodology – Box Behnken Design (RSM-BBD) to optimize the extraction of PFO. Five variables were examined: temperature (30–60 °C), solvent composition (n-hexane in isopropanol, 30– 90%), amplitude (30–90%), solvent-to-sample ratio (10:1–20:1), and cycle duration (0.2– 0.8 s−1). The analysis identified solvent composition, amplitude, and solvent-to-sample ratio as significant factors influencing the response value (p < 0.005). Optimal UAE conditions were achieved at a temperature of 59 °C, solvent composition of 42%, amplitude of 41%, solvent-to-sample ratio of 20:1, cycle duration of 0.8 s−1, and an extraction time of 25 min. Fatty acid profiling revealed that PFO extracted using UAE contained omega-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (ALA) at 1.36% and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at 0.46%, as well as omega-6 fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (LA) at 19.06% and arachidonic acid (AA) at 0.85%. These results demonstrate the efficiency of UAE in extracting high-quality PFO. © 2025, Gadjah Mada University. All rights reserved.
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Drug Development and Analytical Methods Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, Cadiz, 11510, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Pharmacy Study Program, Gunadarma University, Jl. Margonda Raya No. 100, Depok, 16954, Indonesia; Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea
