N. Titisari, A. Fauzi, I.S. Abdul Razak, N. Samsulrizal, H. Ahmad
It is widely established that neuroinflammation can impair cognition and brain histology in diabetes. Substantial evidence showed that fish oil decreases Alzheimer's disease (AD) development but has conflicting effects on diabetes progression. Thus, the study examines how fish oil administration affects hyperglycemia, spatial memory, and hippocampus histology in hyperglycemia-neuroinflammation rats. Male Wistar rats (n=30) were divided into five groups: control rats (NS group), rats given 3 g of fish oil (NS+FO3 group), rats injected with streptozotocin-lipopolysaccharide (STZ-LPS) (STZ-LPS group), rats injected with STZ-LPS and given 1 g/kg of fish oil (STZ-LPS+FO1 group), and rats injected with STZ-LPS and given 3 g/kg of fish oil (STZ-LPS+FO3 group). After six weeks of fish oil treatment, the spatial memory performance of the animals was evaluated using a Y-maze test. Subsequently, a blood sample was collected to quantify the blood glucose concentration, while brain tissue was acquired for histological examination. The finding revealed that fish oil supplementation reduced hyperglycemia. It also showed improved spatial memory performance, as evidenced by the increased number of novel arm entries and time spent. Further, it is proposed that the finding of the Y-maze test had a strong association with the effectiveness of fish oil in preventing cornu ammonis 3 (CA3) alterations. This study found that fish oil supplementation successfully defends neuronal damage in the hippocampus, resulting in improved cognitive performance in an animal model of hyperglycemia-neuroinflammation. Hence, regular administration of fish oil supplements to patients with diabetes is suggested to avoid cognitive impairment. © Authors, 2025, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul.
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia; Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Brawijaya, East Java, Indonesia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology, Shah Alam, Malaysia; Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, University of Putra Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Serdang, Malaysia
