Andik Isdianto, Intan Astritya Anggraini, Gilang Rusrita Aida, Rhochmad Wahyu Illahi, Rudianto, Muhammad Naufal Eka Putra, Uun Yanuhar, Nico Rahman Caesar, Aulia Lanudia Fathah, Alifiulahtin Utaminingsih, Mohammad Maskan, Berlania Mahardika Putri, Dwi Candra Pratiwi
Cities need decision-ready tools to convert satellite heat evidence into enforceable planning rules in tropical coastal contexts. This study quantifies how land-cover composition shapes land surface temperature (LST) in North Jakarta’s Penjaringan District and translates findings into policy metrics. Methodology: We mapped land cover (Google Earth object-based image analysis) and retrieved LST from Landsat (2005–2024). Variables were aggregated on a 150 ×150 m grid (n = 242) and related via ordinary least squares to estimate class-specific effects. Results & Conclusions: Built-up area expanded (+113%) while mangroves increased (+77%); cool LST classes collapsed and warm classes proliferated. Regression yields a stable hierarchy: built-up is the strongest warming driver; mangroves provide the strongest natural cooling; water and other vegetation also cool. On a per-fraction basis, mangrove cooling effectiveness is ~59% of built-up warming. These results establish quantitative, planning-scale evidence that nature-based assets can materially blunt urban heating in a dense coastal setting. Implications: We operationalize the evidence into four auditable indicators—Minimum Green-Space per Block, Canopy Connectivity Index, Per-Parcel Pervious Ratio, and a Cooling-Deficit Limit— and an adaptation-zoning workflow targeting persistent hotspots, impervious corridors, and coastal buffers. The metrics fit routine permitting and support annual, satellite-based audits, offering a replicable path to climate-resilient urban development. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Department of Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Environmental Management and Development, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Fisheries Marine Resources Management, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Socio-Economy Fisheries and Marine, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Business Administration, State Polytechnic of Malang, Malang, 65141, Indonesia; Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, 55284, Indonesia; Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2E3, Canada
