Timothy K. Mulenga, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Chin Wei Lai, Khairul Anam, Marta M. Moure, Suchart Siengchin
Natural fiber composites (NFCs) reinforced with a variety of fillers are widely being explored for extended applications. The reinforcement of NFCs with fillers improves functionalities such as mechanical strength, thermal stability, and weathering properties. In this review, the impact of hybridization on the mechanical, thermal, and weathering properties of composites, reinforced by various natural fiber/synthetic fibers/fillers, is examined. This review provides a summary of the use of various fillers, both organic and inorganic, including substances like clay, carbon, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, cellulose, plant nanofibers, and agricultural waste. The paper also explores the current challenges, and future perspectives of these composites. The effectiveness of fillers in NFC for industrial use is contingent on the amount and quality of raw materials, as well as the reliability of supply and adaptability of processes. © 2025 The Authors.
Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, 10800, Thailand; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Galgotias University, UP, Greater Noida, India; Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Aerospace Systems and Transport Research Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
