Putera Agung Maha Agung, Suripto, Denny Yatmadi, Satwarnirat, Syaiful Amri, Muhammad Fathur Rouf Hasan
Sand lenses are susceptible to ground motion due to dynamic loads like earthquakes. Infrastructure can be damaged by liquefaction that occurs in saturated sand lenses. A study on the safety factor (SF) of liquefaction potential and immediate settlement (ΔSe) was carried out at an area of infrastructure development in Langsa, Indonesia. This region features many alluvial deposits, which have multiple fine to coarse sand lenses from loose to medium conditions and varying in thickness from 2.0 to 3.0 m. This research aims to evaluate the effect of grain size distribution (GSD) on sand lenses susceptible to liquefaction, as well as the extent of immediate land subsidence following liquefaction. Laboratory analysis of GSD allows for the calculation of the uniformity coefficient (Cu), fines content (FC), and curvature coefficient (Cc). It also helps in assessing the likelihood of liquefaction potential and ΔSe within the sand lens layer. The laboratory analysis conducted by GSD revealed that at the vulnerable sand lens layers situated 2.0 to 10.0 m beneath the current groundwater table, Cu value of 13 and Cc value of 0.31 were recorded, while the FC value was approximately 2%. This indicates an increased liquefaction potential as the SF diminishes. Prediction of SF values existed in the range from 0.66 to 1.49 and ΔSe from 2.12 to 88.07 mm. Probability of liquefaction (P[L]) existed in the range from 0% to 30%, with pore water pressure (u) reaching until 35% from the hydrostatic pressure during liquefaction. © 2025 The authors. This article is published by IIETA and is licensed under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Depok, 16425, Indonesia; Department of Civil Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Padang, Padang, 25164, Indonesia; Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
