S. Mozin, D. Rosyidi, O. Sjofjan, E. Widodo
Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) by-product has antibacterial properties due to the greater presence of an active substance (quercetin) in this part of the shallot than in edible parts. The first phase of the study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of shallot by-product meal and juice extract on the growth of the bacteria Lactobacillus sp, E. coli and Salmonella sp. A nested factorial design was used with the factors of physical form of shallot by-products (meal and juice) and the level of shallot by-products extract (juice of 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%; and meal 1%, 2%, 3%). Bidistilled water was used as a negative control and tetracycline 30 µgml-1 as a positive control. Extracts of shallot by-product meal were more effective as antibacterial agent than those of shallot by-product juice extract, whereas inhibitory effect was found more effective on Gram negative bacteria than the Gram positive bacteria. The objective of second phase of the study was to investigate the characteristics and the numbers of bacteria (Lactobacillus sp, E. coli and Salmonella sp) in the intestinal digesta of chickens kept for 42 days. Starter and finisher diets were offered ad-libitum. Collections of small intestines and their digesta were done at the end of the study. A completely randomized design was used in the second phase to determine the effect of treatments on villus height, crypt depth, the ratio of villus height and crypt depth, pH and viscosity of the digesta and the number of bacteria Lactobacillus sp, E. coli and Salmonella sp in the intestinal digesta. The treatments used were the level of shallot by-product meal, namely: T0 (0%), T1 (0.5%), T2 (1%), T3 (1.5%) and T4 (2%). Shallot by-product meal had no negative effect on the characteristics of small intestine and the numbers of three groups of bacteria in the digesta. However, further study is needed to characterize the quantity and quality of its active substance. Thus, it can be applied as an alternative phytobiotic and useful to reduce the environmental problems. © 2015, Fundacion CIPAV. All rights reserved.
University of Tadulako, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia; University of Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia
