Lilis Suryani, Henny Pramoedyo, Sri Andarini, Sudarto
Leptospirosis is one of the emerging infectious diseases caused by Leptospira bacteria. These bacteria were transmitted from animals to humans (zoonosis) through contaminated animal urine. Leptospirosis is a public health problem throughout the world, including in Indonesia. In Yogyakarta city, the mortality rate of leptospirosis was quite high. Sanitary condition of the physical and social, as well as biotic environmental, has been linked to the incidence of leptospirosis. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors of biotic environment that affect the human leptospirosis cases in Yogyakarta. The study was observational case-control design. The samples numbers were 60 cases and 60 controls. Samples were leptospirosis patients who lived in Yogyakarta from 2011 to 2013, based on the medical record from Hospital in Yogyakarta. Controls were individuals without any clinical leptospirosis report. Data was collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire. Information was gathered included animal contacts, the number of rats in the house, pets and plants around the house. The data was analyzed by bivariate analysis. The result showed that the number of rats (OR = 1.727; 95 % CIs: 0.833 to 3.58; p = 0.141), the presence of pets (OR = 0.873; 95 % CIs: 0.424 to 1.798; p = 0.713) and vegetation (OR = 0.708; 95 % CIs: 0.341 to 1.47; p = 0.353) were not as a risk factors biotic environmental human leptospirosis in Yogyakarta. The presence of more than five rats at home was potential as a risk factor for the leptospirosis incidence in Yogyakarta. © 2016 Author(s).
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Lingkar Barat, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Special Region, 55183, Indonesia; Department of Environmental And Development Studies, Graduate School of Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Mathematics And Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Medical, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia; Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, 65145, Indonesia
