Alfi Noviyana, Mukhamad Nooryanto, Sri Andarini
Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of ferrous sulfate in different trimesters of pregnancy on oxidative stress and p-NF-κB p65 in the placenta. Material and methods Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: the control group (no treatment), the group treated with ferrous sulfate from the first trimester (the first day of pregnancy), the second trimester (the eighth day of pregnancy) and the third trimester (the fifteenth day of pregnancy). Malondialdehyde levels as a marker of oxidative stress in the placenta was analyzed by a spectrophotometer. Placental expression of p-NF-κB p65 was analyzed by western blotting. Results Placental MDA levels were significantly higher for the three groups of ferrous sulfate administration relative to the group without ferrous sulfate administration (p < 0.05). Placental MDA levels increased significantly for the groups treated with ferrous sulfate in trimesters one and two relative to that in trimester tree (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in placental MDA levels between the groups treated with ferrous sulfate during the first and the second trimester (p > 0.05). Expression of p-NF-κB p65 decreased significantly for the groups treated with ferrous sulfate relative to that of controls (p < 0.05). There was a significant decreased in placental expression of p-NF-κB p65 for the group treated with ferrous sulfate in the first trimester relative to that in the second and third trimesters (p < 0.05). Expression of p-NF-κB p65 was significantly higher for the group treated with ferrous sulfate in the second trimester than that of the first trimester (p < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, administration of ferrous sulfate will induce placental oxidative damage. Increased activation of NF-κB is underlain by changes in the degree of oxidative stress in the placenta from administration of ferrous sulfate. © 2017 The Authors
Midwifery Study Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muhammadiyah University, Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia; Midwifery Master Study Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Division of Fetomaternal, Department of Obstetrics and Ginecology, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia; Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
