Arief A. Soebroto, Lily M. Limantara, Ery Suhartanto, Moh. Sholichin, Fatwa Ramdani, Turniningtyas A. Rachmawati
Floods are the most frequently occurring natural disasters, significantly impacting the environment and society. As part of natural disaster mitigation, the impacts could be reduced through predictive techniques using deep learning for semantic segmentation of inundation images. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the performance of deep learning architectures in segmenting inundation images using the Flood Segmentation dataset, which comprised 290 aerial images. The following segmentation architectures, U-Net, SegNet, and LinkNet, were compared using backbones such as MobileNet, ResNet, EfficientNet, and VGG, as well as optimizers including Adam, SGD, AdaDelta, and RMSProp. Performance was assessed using Intersection over Union (IoU) score, precision, F1-score, recall, and accuracy metrics. The results showed that U-Net achieved the highest performance with IoU, precision, F1-score, recall, and accuracy of 0.767, 0.862, 0.866, 0.876, and 0.899, respectively. Regarding the backbones, MobileNet excelled with IoU, precision, F1-score, recall, and accuracy of 0.764, 0.866, 0.865, 0.869, and 0.898, respectively. The Adam optimizer outperformed others, yielding IoU, precision, F1-score, recall, and accuracy of 0.712, 0.807, 0.824, 0.873, and 0.843. In conclusion, the combination of U-Net with MobileNet backbone and Adam optimizer was the most effective architecture for flood inundation image segmentation, offering a robust foundation for prediction systems. © 2025 by the authors. Licensee C.E.J, Tehran, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Department of Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan; Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
