Erma Ro’ichatul Jannah, Rana Raihana Aqila, Endrika Widyastuti, Cici Darsih, Muslih Anwar, Riesca Ayu Kusuma Wardhani, Arniati Labanni, Toni Dwi Novianto, Amarilia Harsanti Dameswari, Fahrizal Yusuf Affandi, Hernawan, Nur Alim Bahmid
This study investigates the characteristics, release of volatile compounds, and antimicrobial activity of chitosan/alginate bilayer film material containing the Cinnamon Essential Oil (CEO) nanoemulsion, comparing their performance with single-layered chitosan and -alginate film materials. This study also investigated the effects of CEO nanoemulsion content on the film material characteristics, including the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, volatile compounds release, and inhibitory inhibition of bacteria. The CEO nanoemulsion showed a average size of around 60 d.nm with Polydispersity Index (PdI) of 0.28, confirming a homogenous particle size distribution. CEO nanoemulsion, incorporated into the films, enhances thermal stability and crystallinity while influencing their morphological, optical, and barrier properties. The nanoemulsion addition reduced solubility by around 7% and water vapour transmission rate (WVTR) by almost 10% in single-layered chitosan film but enhanced the WVTR by 20% in bilayer film materials due to the high hydrophilicity of the alginate-single layered film. Furthermore, although single-layered chitosan materials exhibited a higher efficiency, the bilayer film materials performed a more controlled release of volatile compounds, such as alpha-pinene and eugenol (with a rate constant of 0.019 and 0.018 h− 1, respectively), effectively suppressing the inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Further studies are required to confirm their effectiveness in real-world food systems. This underscores the potential of chitosan/alginate bilayer film material as a novel and sustainable antimicrobial packaging material to prolong shelf life and prevent food spoilage. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Research Assistant Program, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, 55961, Indonesia; Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, Gading, Playen, Gunungkidul, 55861, Indonesia; Research Center for Nanotechnology System, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia; Research Center for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia; Biological Technology and Veterinary Department, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
