Septyan Andriyanto, Maftuch, Sri Andayani, Nunak Nafiqoh, Lila Gardenia, Hessy Novita, Muhammad Nursid, Afandi Saputra
This study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity and acute toxicity of leaf extracts and the target protein binding affinity of Centella asiatica bioactive compounds. The results showed that the antibacterial efficacy of crude extracts was significant against Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.024±0.04 to 6.25±3.72 mg/ml. Against Aeromonas hydrophila, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the MIC values ranged from 12.5±4.19 to 25.0±12.14 mg/ml. In acute toxicity examination, the LC50 of the extract in the zebrafish model was determined to be 156.2±26.09 mg/L, with 100% mortality recorded at the highest test dosage of 1000 mg/L. Moreover, in silico ADME/T prediction and molecular docking analyses showed that asiatic acid has the highest antibacterial activity, with the lowest binding energies of –8.0 kcal/mol against DNA gyrase and –9.1 kcal/mol against penicillin–binding protein, outperforming ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin with binding energies of –7.8 kcal/mol and – 6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The studies suggested that asiatic acid from Centella asiatica has the potential to be used as an antibacterial agent. © 2026, Egyptian Society for the Development of Fisheries and Human Health. All rights reserved.
Doctoral Program of Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Research Centre of Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Research Centre of Marine and Land Bioindustry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Mataram, 83352, Indonesia; Research Center for Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Department of Aquaculture, Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, 12520, Indonesia
