Eti Setiawati, Abdul Hakim Yassi, Hayatul Cholsy, Dany Ardhian, Muhammad Hambali, Titis Bayu Widagdo, Mochamad Ighfir Sukardi, Salamah Salamah
Studies on language shift and maintenance in Indonesia have consistently shown that local languages are under threat due to urbanization, mobility, and national language dominance. However, the differential vitality of these languages across rural-urban contexts remains inadequately examined, particularly at the local level. This study examines the vitality of the Madurese language in two subdistricts of Probolinggo Regency, Kraksaan and Sumberasih, using a quantitative approach. A total of 146 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. Language vitality was measured using the Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS), focusing on intergenerational transmission, domains of use, and attitudes. The findings reveal a contrast between rural and urban settings. Sumberasih demonstrates high vitality (mean score: 0.82), where Madurese is predominantly used across all domains, particularly in family and mobility contexts, and with complete ethnic homogeneity. In contrast, Kraksaan shows a threatened condition (mean score: 0.45), characterized by weak intergenerational transmission, especially among younger speakers. According to the EGIDS, Madurese in Sumberasih is classified as level 6a (vigorous), whereas in Kraksaan it falls under level 6b (threatened). These results confirm that urbanization, ethnic heterogeneity, and modernization accelerate language shift, while geographical isolation and ethnic homogeneity play a crucial role in sustaining local language vitality. © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Department of Language Education, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Cultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Department of Language and Literature, Faculty of Cultural Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
