Anggun Rindang Cempaka, Sung-Hui Tseng, Kuo-Ching Yuan, Chyi-Huey Bai, Alexey A. Tinkov, Anatoly V. Skalny, Jung-Su Chang
Diet plays an important role in the development of obesity and may contribute to dysregulated iron metabolism (DIM). A cross-sectional survey of 208 adults was conducted in Taipei Medical University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). A reduced-rank regression from 31 food groups was used for a dietary pattern analysis. DIM was defined as at least four of the following criteria: serum hepcidin (men >200 ng/mL and women >140 ng/mL), hyperferritinemia (serum ferritin of >300 ng/mL in men and >200 ng/mL in women), central obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and two or more abnormal metabolic profiles. Compared to non-DIM patients, DIM patients were associated with an altered body composition and had a 4.52-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): (1.95–10.49); p < 0.001) greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) after adjusting for covariates. A DIM-associated dietary pattern (high intake of deep-fried food, processed meats, chicken, pork, eating out, coffee, and animal fat/skin but low intake of steamed/boiled/raw foods and dairy products) independently predicted central obesity (odds ratio (OR): 1.57; 95% CI: 1.05–2.34; p < 0.05) and MetS (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.07–3.35; p < 0.05). Individuals with the highest DIM pattern scores (tertile 3) had a higher visceral fat mass (%) (β = 0.232; 95% CI: 0.011–0.453; p < 0.05) but lower skeletal muscle mass (%) (β = −1.208; 95% CI: −2.177–−0.239; p < 0.05) compared to those with the lowest DIM pattern scores (tertile 1). In conclusion, a high score for the identified DIM-associated dietary pattern was associated with an unhealthier body composition and a higher risk of MetS. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Medical Elementology, Peoples’ Friendship, University of Russia, RUDN University), Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Biotechnology and Applied Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, 150003, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Molecular Dietology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119146, Russian Federation; Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity (CTSSO), Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
