Fred H. Lawson, Aswin Ariyanto Azis, Matteo Legrenzi
Indonesia’s relations with the Middle East and North Africa have taken a notable turn in the past few years. Previously Jakarta concentrated on economic and cultural matters in its dealings with the region; it now concerns itself with security and military affairs, and has adopted a more activist posture. The shift is evident with respect to the Israel-Palestine conflict, the Arab Gulf states and Iran, and Turkiye. © 2026 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
International Relations, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia; International Relations, Ca Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
