Mobashar Mubarik, Saule Maciukaite-Zviniene, Liaqat Ali, Silvi Asna Prestianawat
Digital and green supply chain strategies integrate environmentally responsible practices with advanced digital technologies to support sustainability and operational efficiency. This study examines how such strategies influence triple-bottom-line (TBL) performance and, in doing so, investigates the mediating role of upstream supply chain mapping. Data were collected from 187 firms and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that digital and green supply chain strategies significantly enhance environmental and economic performance by reducing environmental impacts and improving operational efficiency. However, these strategies do not directly improve social performance, indicating persistent challenges related to labour practices and community engagement in developing countries. In this context, upstream supply chain mapping emerges as a critical mediating mechanism that strengthens the environmental benefits of digital and green strategies by improving supply chain visibility, traceability, and risk mitigation, but it does not mediate economic or social performance outcomes. The findings highlight the transformative potential of digital-green integration for environmental sustainability while revealing important boundary conditions for social and economic outcomes. The study underscores the need for complementary governance and stakeholder-oriented mechanisms to achieve balanced sustainability across supply chains. © 1973-2011 IEEE.
Vilnius University, Vilnius University Business School, Lithuania; Brawijaya University, Faculty of Economics and Business, Indonesia; Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Pakistan
