Agung Susanto, Raditya Ahsan Rivanjaya, Fadhli Rahman, Ega Caesaria Pratama Putra, Fredo Tamara, Jonny Karunia Fajar
Background Despite current efforts, oxidative stress reduction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited and awaits possible adjuvant agents. We aimed to investigate the effect of propolis isolate on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in a rat model of CKD. Methods We conducted an experimental study using a post-test controlled group design on 32 male Wistar rats divided into four groups. This study was conducted at an academic medical research laboratory in Indonesia. Ureteral ligation induced CKD, and the treated groups were treated by ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) administration at dosages of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. We analyzed MDA by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. We used one-way analysis of variance for data analysis, accompanied by Tukey’s post hoc test, by considering a p value <0.05 as significant. Results A total of 32 rats (n = 8 per group) were included in this study. CKD induction significantly increased MDA levels compared with the healthy group (p < 0.0001). Administration of EEP significantly reduced MDA levels, with a more optimal decrease at a dose of 100 mg/kg (p < 0.0001 vs. CKD). Our findings also showed that EEP at 50 mg/kg lowered MDA, but levels remained higher than the 100-mg/kg group (p < 0.0001). This indicates a dose–response effect. Conclusion Propolis isolate decreased MDA contents of CKD rats, exhibiting a more significant protective effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg, indicating its therapeutic potential as an adjuvant agent for lessening oxidative stress of CKD. Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Consultant (Nephrology), Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36A, Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta (Solo), Central Java, Indonesia; Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No.36A, Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta (Solo), Central Java, Indonesia; Internal Medicine Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Moewardi Hospital, Jl. Kolonel Sutarto No.132, Jebres, Surakarta (Solo), Central Java, Indonesia; Staff of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Rumah Sakit Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Ketawanggede, Lowokwaru, East Java, Malang, Indonesia
