Muhammad Syawal Abd Halim, Normi Abdul Hadi, Rusliza Ahmad, Syaiful Anam
Digitization of an object from visual to data point can help researchers manipulate the data for further use particularly in reconstructing a surface. The use of trigonometric function in generating a triangular surface offers a smooth surface with flexibility as ensued from its derivation and cyclability advantages. This study used a structured 3- dimensional data of a human head as control points to reconstruct a surface using G1 cubic trigonometric triangular spline with rational basis functions. The G1 continuity was used to generate a smooth surface with rational basis functions that were closer to the control points, as the root mean square error (RMSE) and maximum error were smaller. The generated human head surface was illustrated in this study. © 2026 IEEE.
Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Tapah Campus, Perak, Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi MARA, Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Shah Alam, Malaysia; Brawijaya University, Mathematics Department, Malang, Indonesia
