Nurlinah Amalia, Maulana Bagus Adi Cahyono, Ariq Fadhil Athallah, Maghfira Rahma Azizah, Rahyang Narasingha Aditya Brakumara, Princella Halim, Rony Abdi Syahputra, Nurpudji Astuti Taslim, Fahrul Nurkolis
Malnutrition and obesity stem from complex interactions among environmental, health, agri-food systems, and individual decision-making processes. Functional foods, which provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, have emerged as a viable strategy to combat these issues. These foods are rich in bioactive compounds such as vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids, contributing to improved health and reduced chronic disease burdens, particularly in low-income populations. Investing in nutrition-focused public health initiatives can lower long-term healthcare costs associated with diet-related diseases. Understanding the governance of global health and food systems is crucial for enhancing population nutrition. Effective strategies include fortification programs, community interventions, and educational campaigns, with governments and NGOs playing pivotal roles in shaping nutrition policies. Collaborative efforts among international organizations like the WHO and UNICEF facilitate resource sharing to tackle nutritional challenges. Regulatory measures such as mandatory food labeling and taxation on unhealthy products can further promote healthier dietary choices. Current dietary trends reflect an evolution toward health optimization, driven by increased awareness of healthy living, economic development, and technological advancements. The food industry possesses significant potential for innovation to address these challenges. A synergistic approach between health professionals and policymakers is essential for developing regulations on ultra-processed foods and ensuring access to nutrient-dense options for vulnerable populations, thereby fostering a healthier society. © 2026 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Medical Study Program, Master Program of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, East Java, Malang, Indonesia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of North Sumatra, Medan, Indonesia; Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Medical Research Center of Indonesia State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Indonesia
