Defri Yona, Aida Sartimbul, Muhammad Arif Rahman, Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari, Priyanka Mondal, Abdullah Hamid, Tsania Humairoh
Marine mussels are known as one of the biological indicators of heavy metals pollution in the aquatic environment and the sources of protein for human consumption. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in the seawater, sediment, and soft parts of the marine mussels (Perna viridis, Meretrix sp., and Anadara granosa), as well as to evaluate its health risk of consumption from Madura Strait, Indonesia. The seawater, sediment, and marine mussels were obtained from four sites and heavy metal concentrations were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. In the seawater, heavy metals were in the order of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn from the highest to the lowest concentration respectively, while they went down in the order of Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd in the sediment respectively. Excluding the Pb, higher Cu and Zn concentrations were observed in marine mussels than in seawater and sediments (BAF> 1). Furthermore, it was proven that Cu and Zn were considered as essential metals and required for metabolism, while Pb and Cd were non-essential metals which their biological functions were unknown. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of the marine mussels was lower than the oral reference dose (ORD) and low values of target hazard quotient (THQ < 1) had shown that the consumption of mussels containing heavy metals would not cause significant health risks to humans. The health risk assessment indexes showed low values, which meant insignificant health hazard. However, long-term exposure and the impact of consuming mussels containing heavy metals may require additional investigation. © 2021 Universitas Airlangga.
Marine Science Department Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Marine Resources Exploration and Management Research Group Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Fisheries Resources and Utilization Department Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, 700019, India
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