Sumarno Reto Prawiro, Meike Tiya Kusuma, Reyhan Amiruddin, Irma Nur Sukmawati, Yuyun Kusnaningrum, Jayshri Davi S. Nadarajah, Khoirul Anam, Tri Yudani Mardining Raras, Sri Winarsih
Background: Covid-19 has become pandemic in the World, including Indonesia. Our last study showed that HSF could serve as an immunomodulator. Using the exact search, we found that the most immuno-dominant SARS-COV2 epitope, namely A spike protein epitope, B envelope protein epitope, and C membrane protein epitope, we concise to be HF Materials and Methods: We used to post only control design study and mice as an animal model. The research divided mice into four groups, and the first group as control received PBS as a placebo. The second, three, and last four groups gave HF, HSN, and HFHSN (combine HF and HSN). All of the regiment enters the mouth with a special sonde to reach the gastrointestinal organ. We gave HF every week three times and HSN once a day. After administration regiments for a long three weeks, we sacrificed the mice. We evaluated cellular immune responses that are Th-2, Th-17, and NK cells. We check for humoral immune response, TGF-β, IL-17A, IL-4, IgG, IL-4, β-defensin, and s-IgA. Results: Highest profile cellular immunity HF, HSN, and HFHSN were NK cell, Th-2 and Th-17, and the last NK cell, respectively. After that which in humoral immunity, the domination response IgG and IL-4 were HF. But HSN and HFHSN dominated for s-IgA and β-defensin production. By using the study Bio-Informatica, we found HF. Conclusion: If the results of this study are continued to the clinical trial level, it is necessary to recommend additional markers such as CTL (s-IgA and β-defensin in lung tissue) and CPE assay. © 2021, African Traditional, Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative. All rights reserved.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia, Indonesia; Magister Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia, Indonesia; Clinical Microbiologist Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia, Indonesia; Medical Doctor Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia, Indonesia; Doctoral Degree Program, Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia, Indonesia; Department Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, University Brawijaya Malang Java Indonesia, Indonesia
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