Sahiruddin, Yudhi Arifani, Muhammad Rafiek, Nur Hidayat
This mixed-methods research investigates the perceptions of teachers and students regarding the fulfillment of English for specific purposes (ESP) students’ BPN for competence, relatedness, and autonomy in learning English for nursing. The surveyed participants involved 90 teachers and 570 students from three different provinces in Indonesia. Interviews were administered to 15 teachers and 30 students selected via convenience sampling. The Mann–Whitney U test was employed to analyze the differences of perception between the two groups of participants. Additionally, the results of interviews were thematically interpreted based on the implementation of BPN in their instructional practices. The survey results indicated a convergence of perceptions regrading autonomy and competence. However, a divergence in perceptions between the two groups of participants was identified in relation to the fulfilment of relatedness. The qualitative findings further revealed that the www.earticle.net enactment of relatedness remained limited, underscoring the needs for more authentic and substantive integration within ESP instructional practices. © 2026 AsiaTEFL All rights reserved.
Department of Languages and Literature, Faculty of Cultural Studies, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran No.10-11, Ketawanggede Kec. Lowokwaru, Jawa Timur, Kota Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Department of Education and Society, Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep, 2 Nang Linchi Rd, Khwaeng Thung Maha Mek Khet Sathon, Krung Thep Maha Nakhon,, 10120, Thailand; Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Jl. Brig Jend Hasan Basri, Banjarmasin, 70123, Indonesia; English Education Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Jl. A. Yani, Mendungan Pabelan, Kec. Kartasura Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah, 57162, Indonesia
