Raden Danang Aryo Putro Satriyono, Salsabila Mustofa, Farah Tsanyna'ila
Household-scale tofu industries in Surabaya, a strategic coastal city in East Java, play a vital role in the local economy but pose significant challenges to environmental sustainability. The discharge of untreated liquid waste from these industries into the city's river network eventually flows into the estuarine and coastal waters of the Madura Strait, threatening aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impact of tofu production on coastal resilience, identify pollution hotspots using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, and formulate cleaner production strategies to minimize waste based on openLCA software. The LCA method was applied with a gate-to-gate boundary and a functional unit of 1 kg of tofu, covering input-output inventory and impact analysis using the ReCiPe Midpoint (H) method. The results indicate that the usage of combined firewood and LPG fuel generates the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) impact of 529.5 kg CO2 - eq/day. Furthermore, liquid waste discharge (9-13 L/kg of tofu) is identified as the primary contributor to water pollution, causing significant Eutrophication and Aquatic Ecotoxicity impacts, with values reaching 6.391 Kg 1,4-DCB/day. This high pollution load exacerbates the vulnerability of Surabaya's coastal water resources. To support the vision of a resilient and sustainable coastal city, this study recommends the implementation of cleaner production strategies, including fuel substitution, water recycling, and the conversion of liquid waste into organic fertilizer to mitigate environmental degradation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
Industrial Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia; Industrial Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
