Narayanasamy Pandiarajan, Putu Hadi Setyarini, Arup Kar, Balasundar Pandiarajan, Balavairavan Balasubramanian, Sathishkumar Palaniappan, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Suchart Siengchin
Lignocellulosic fillers from agro-waste are promising sustainable reinforcements for composites, yet the absence of physicochemical data for Dimocarpus longan fruit seed (DLFS) limits its application. This study addresses this gap by characterizing ultrasonically treated DLFS to evaluate its potential in bio-composites. Morphological, elemental, structural, and thermal properties were examined using SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and DSC. SEM revealed irregular particles (7 ± 2.7 μm), while EDX confirmed high carbon (50.6 wt%) and oxygen (49.4 wt%). The filler showed a density of 549.61 ± 8.97 kg/m3 with cellulose (49.48 ± 3.52%), hemicellulose (18.24 ± 2.78%), and lignin (25.43 ± 2.06%). XRD indicated a crystallinity index of 36.14 ± 1.43% and crystallite size of 2.81 ± 0.38 nm. Thermal analyses revealed cellulose degradation at ~313.04 °C with 28.46% char yield. These findings present the systematic identification and detailed characterization of novel DLFS, supporting its valorization as a sustainable bio-waste filler for eco-friendly composites. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Near Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Physics, Murkong Selek College, Jonai, Assam, India; Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Near Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, India; Natural Composites Research Group lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
